Preclinical research indicates that this 15aminoacid peptide can orchestrate the complex symphony of tissue repair, acting on blood vessels, growth factors, inflammatory pathways and more
Untreated Controls Preclinical injury models % reduction in healing time Tendon Transection (Rat Achilles model)50% Skin Wound Closure (Alkali burn model)45% Muscle Crush Injury (Rat quadriceps)40% Safety Data Safety Profile from Research What preclinical and early clinical studies report Preclinical Safety Summary LD50Not achieved Acute toxicityNone observed Chronic toxicityNone in 6-month studies Organ toxicityNone detected Human IV pilot (n=2)No adverse effects Cardiac/hepatic/renalNo effects detected Regulatory & Risk Considerations FDA statusUnapproved drug WADA statusBanned since 2022 (S0) Human trialsPhase 1 only Long-term effectsUnknown in humans Pro-angiogenic riskTheoretical unstudied Australia/NZPrescription only No lethal dose was reached in preclinical toxicology studies
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The confirmed harms were a small increase in liver enzymes, a roughly 1% incidence of muscle symptoms, and a modest rise in blood sugar in patients already near the diabetes threshold
It contains inositol, choline, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine (a sulfa-free version without methionine is also available)
Neural Regeneration Research, 17(3), 482-487