Improved metabolism Better red blood cell production Enhanced nerve function Stronger immune system But, these benefits are more for those who are low on B12
A vegan (age 30, U.S.) noted, Sublingual B12 lifted my mood in 3 weeks, no more brain fog, aligning with 50% mood improvement rates
Chapman LE, Darling AL, Brown JE (2015) The association between the biguanide drug metformin and vitamin B 12 deficiency in diabetic patients: a systematic review
Further analysis suggested that the peptide may have increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and potentially decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels, two markers of cell death
Beta-1 receptor activation increases heart rate and cardiac output
Plant-based eaters can become deficient over time, so supplementation (oral or injected) may be needed