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To test this hypothesis, we co-cultured GGT1 + cells with WT cells using a Transwell assay (Fig

However, our results showed that no significant upregulation were observed after treatment with various copper compounds (SI1)

They include: Tackling Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress

Quality control Research-use peptides are not held to pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing standards

Because of the research-use nature of these products, we cannot accept returns of opened vials outside of those circumstances

Moreover, mitochondrial DAMPs released from stressed cells-such as mtDNA and cardiolipin-serve as potent activators of pattern recognition receptors (e.g., TLR9, cGAS-STING, and NLRP3), perpetuating inflammation (Mills et al., 2017)