One key role of thiols is their contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms, where they scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative damage
How the Oral Pill Works Orforglipron is a once-a-day pill that activates the same GLP-1 receptor targeted by widely used injectable drugs
As the chart below shows, the arms race is accelerating
So people at greatest risk for deficiency include those with low stomach acid (e.g., older adults and people on proton pump inhibitors or antacids) or low IF production (known as pernicious anemia), people on medications that interfere with B12 absorption (such as metformin), people who have had gastric surgery, those with GI conditions that impair nutrient absorption (like celiac or Crohn's disease), and people on vegan and vegetarian diets
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 12(1), 37-51
GLP-1 Agonists: Understanding the Essentials (1.5 hours) CE/CME Course #: 25-395 This course provides essential clinical guidance on the prescribing, dosing, and administration of GLP-1 RAs, including key safety considerations such as warnings, precautions, and drug interactions