They have a low risk of sugar crashes (hypoglycemia), support weight loss, and enhance beta-cell function, lipid levels, and blood pressure
Phase II neutralizes them by covalently attaching a conjugation group (glucuronic acid, glutathione, sulfate, acetyl, methyl, or amino acid) that increases polarity, reduces reactivity, and enables transport into bile or urine
The C20 fatty-diacid side chain attached via a -Glu linker to lysine is not
Hypothyroidism causes fatigue, brain fog, and mood changes that overlap almost entirely with B12 deficiency symptoms
Sanchez-Marin L, Pavon F, Decara J, et
No rapid heartbeat