doi: 10.1002/jmv.29781
GLP-1, or glucagon-like peptide-1, is a hormone that plays a major role in appetite regulation, digestion, and insulin release through a process called the incretin effect (1)
Fig.2 co-metabolic reaction of GLP-1, GIP and GCG Long-term strategy Long-term transformation strategies for GLP-1 analogue are: 1) Amino acid sequence optimization: Reduce the rapid degradation of DPP-4 enzyme,extend the half-life
TRX2= thioredoxin 2
Based on reading some of the websites it seems that their hypothesis is that because ALC is involved in the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, which gets energy from fatty acids, that means ALC helps burn fat. There is not much in the scientific literature on this topic, but I did come across an article that found no difference in metabolic parameters in study participants taking L-carnitine versus controls (not exactly the same things as acetyl-L-carnitine, but they are used somewhat similarly in the body, there just isnt the extra acetyl group in the L-carnitine)
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360 111 SalzanoACassambaiSYazakiYIsrarMZBerniehDWongMet al