By adulthood, HNF1 expression is substituted by HNF1 interacting with HNF4 (Tachmatzidi et al., 2021), which maintains hepatocyte identity and metabolic functions together with FOXA, TBX3, and CEBP (Kotulkar et al., 2023)
however, the combination of these two complex organs in an organ-on-a-chip platform made it possible to study the toxic effects of aristolochic acid I, a well-known nephrotoxicant that requires first hepatic bioactivation (Chang et al
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This dual-responsiveness can enhance therapeutic precision, but it also introduces challenges in terms of premature degradation and chemical instability during formulation or circulation
Statistical analysis Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS version 9.3) (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC)
The 5mg dose offers 5 times the strength of the 1mg