Its not a foreign invader
Your digestive system serves an important filtering process
& Aronson, J
[5] Once in circulation, a portion of the free testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5-reductase in certain tissues, and both testosterone and DHT bind to intracellular androgen receptors
The mitochondrial NAD + pool, with a higher concentration (~250500 M), is an independent source since the mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NAD + and NADH
A side effect of this reaction is that intracellular NAD + levels increase.[7,8] Upregulation of the pathway that induces NQO1 occurs in calorie restriction and appears to be an important component of producing the benefits.[9,10] Cells maintain much higher amounts of the NAD molecule as NAD + , with an estimated 90% of NAD content in uncomplexed proteins being as oxidized NAD + .[11,12] The reason cellular NAD + is maintained at such a high ratio is thought to be because of its role in several epigenetic transcriptional processes (i.e., processes that regulate how genes respond to the environment)