This triggers several beneficial effects: Enhanced insulin secretion from the pancreas when blood glucose levels are elevated Reduced glucagon release , which prevents the liver from producing excess glucose Slowed gastric emptying , meaning food moves more slowly from the stomach into the intestines Increased satiety signals to the brain, reducing appetite and food intake These combined mechanisms help lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes and promote weight loss in those with obesity
Ultra-processed foods rich in sugar and starch are especially discouraged
Over the past two years, high prices have put these therapies out of reach for the many people who could benefit from them
While safety data is encouraging, with no significant differences in adverse events compared to placebo, a larger Phase IV outcomes trial is ongoing to confirm the long-term cardiovascular benefits of enlicitide, and Merck has initiated the FDA approval process, with the drug in the fast track program
An easier-to-take oral GLP-1 (orforglipron) is in development
What GLP-1 pills are available now