GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide take the spotlight, enhancing insulin secretion in response to elevated blood sugar levels
We included adults with type 2 diabetes who initiated a GLP-1 RA (exenatide [introduced in Israel in 12.2007], liraglutide [2.2010], lixisenatide [1.2015], exenatide extended-release [11.2015], dulaglutide [4.2016], and semaglutide [8.2019]) or basal insulin between February 2010 to December 2019
At the same time, due to the diversity of AHR agonists and the different effects produced by different agonists, there are more possibilities for the design of drugs that target the activation of the AHR signaling pathway
Interestingly, compared to those in younger people, glutathione levels in older people are much lower, and the levels of oxidative stress are much higher
The review revisited SUSTAIN-6, where semaglutide-treated patients showed a hazard ratio of 1.76 for retinopathy complications compared with placebo. The discussion has since shifted toward whether rapid metabolic changerather than direct retinal toxicitymay explain the signal
Vetter ML, Wadden TA, Teff KL, Khan ZF, Carvajal R, Ritter S, et al