Cyanocobalamin is a manufactured form of vitamin B 12 used to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency.[2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.[6] It is less preferred than hydroxocobalamin for treating vitamin B 12 deficiency.[4] It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or as a nasal spray.[4][5] Cyanocobalamin is generally well tolerated.[7] Minor side effects may include diarrhea and itchiness.[8] Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, low blood potassium, and heart failure.[8] Use is not recommended in those who are allergic to cobalt or have Leber's disease.[6] Vitamin B 12 is an essential nutrient meaning that it cannot be made by the body but is required for life.[9][7] Cyanocobalamin was first manufactured in the 1940s.[10] It is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[4][7] In 2019, it was the 155th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions

Providers should confirm that any formulation adjustments are clinically appropriate and prepared by licensed compounding professionals under proper oversight
- Shifting Sands The distinguishing feature of Exenatide, relative to its pharmacological predecessors, was its broad application
Black cohosh was used by North American Indians for treating malaise, rheumatism, colds, coughs, constipation, kidney ailments, hives, backache, and to induce labor
It means there's limited formal evidence on safety, and caution is warranted
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