"FDA proposes to exclude semaglutide, tirzepatide, and liraglutide from 503B bulks list." 2026
Probiotic fermentation technology (PFT) has been reported to improve insulin signalling by modulating the gut microbiota, upregulating insulin receptor expression and activating PI3K/Akt signalling, followed by inhibition of GSK-3 and mTOR signalling, which leads to the downregulation of over-phosphorylated tau proteins in order to halt the development of memory and cognitive impairment (129)
Anti-inflammatory modulation: Rather than broadly suppressing inflammation, BPC-157 appears to redirect inflammatory processes toward resolution and healing
Macrophage activation is central to PNI pathogenesis, transitioning from a proinflammatory (M1) to an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype with distinct functions in inflammation and repair
A 2026 UK review of the October 2025 Neurology study linking high intake to ~62% faster cognitive decline, the aspartame methanol/phenylalanine/microglia neuroinflammation and BDNF/TrkB mechanism, the 2025 University of Colorado erythritol blood-brain-barrier and stroke study, the reverse-causation trap, the WHO/IARC verdict and the UK sugar-tax reformulation angle versus Dihexas unproven HGF/c-Met synaptogenesis, and why switching to water beats a peptide Read the full review NewNutrition, Metabolic & Cognitive Neuroscience 8 July 2026 Dihexa for Keto & Low-Carb Brain Fog: Ketones, the Keto Flu, BHB & the 2026 UK Review Does keto cause brain fog or clear it
Sublingual therapy for cobalamin deficiency as an alternative to oral and parenteral cobalamin supplementation