Preclinical studies have found that berberine increases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the substantia nigra, at the same time, berberine also increases striatum dopamine, norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid levels (Shin et al., 2013)
This delayed gastric emptying contributes to the medication's therapeutic benefits but can also cause gastrointestinal adverse effects and affect the absorption of some oral medications
Sources & References Rosenstock J, Allison D, Birkenfeld AL, et al
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Results vary depending on health and lifestyle factors
This happened with other unapproved compounded drugs in the past