Orskov C, Bersani M, Johnsen AH, Hojrup P, and Holst JJ
Based primarily on preclinical studies with limited human confirmation, GLP-1 receptors appear enriched in regions involved in autonomic control, feeding behavior, reward processing, and cognitive function
GLP-1 agonists enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells only when blood glucose levels are elevated, a mechanism termed "glucose-dependent insulinotropic action." This physiological approach reduces the risk of hypoglycemia compared with sulfonylureas or exogenous insulin, though the risk increases when GLP-1 agents are combined with insulin or sulfonylureas, potentially requiring dose adjustments of these medications
They also come with a high price-tag
Because of the deficiency of adrenal glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone), the corticotropin-pituitary feedback mechanism remains uninhibited
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