c tirzepatide niacinamide is the dual-action one. Instead of working on a single hormone, it targets two — GLP-1 and GIP — which is why it tends to have a stronger effect on appetite Tirzepatide With Niacinamide: Benefits, Side

Women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable because they already lose iron through menstruation

GLP-1s carry an FDA boxed warning for medullary thyroid cancer and should not be used by patients with a personal or family history of MTC or MEN2

Zepbound, which mimics a second hormone called gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in addition to the GLP-1, comes in an injectable, prefilled, single-use pen for just over $1,000 per pen

With tirzepatide, patients may notice redness, mild pain, itching, or small bumps at the injection site

Facciorusso et al

Many studies have specifically addressed factors influencing patient preferences, as this aspect is critical in improving adherence and reducing clinical inertia