The authors noted that well-designed, adequately powered clinical trials were lacking, and that definitive efficacy claims could not be supported by the existing literature at the time of publication
You might have more active melanocytes that produce melanin quickly in response to UV exposure
Topical delivery is the lowest-risk route and the only one with meaningful human cosmetic data
References Noctor G, Mhamdi A, Chaouch S, Han Y, Neukermans J, Marquez-Garcia B, Queval G, Foyer CH
You might notice you sleep better, wake up feeling more refreshed, or have more stamina throughout the day
Burg, D., Riepsaame, J., Pont, C., Mulder, G