The animal literature is unusually consistent, though: nearly every published in vivo study used 5 mg/kg per injection, given three times on alternate days (days 1, 3, and 5, or days 14, 16, and 18 in the pulmonary fibrosis model), with effects tracked over the following three to four weeks
Cellular Senescence Research: the compound is studied in longevity and cellular senescence models where NAD+ decline is a characterized feature
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Altern Med Rev 1997;1:155-176
Its cysteinyl thiol group neutralizes reactive oxygen species, donates electrons in glutathione peroxidase reactions, and forms conjugates with electrophilic xenobiotics via glutathione S-transferases
Possible effects include mild scalp redness or tingling, dryness or slight peeling from the tretinoin component, and temporary sensitivity when combined with other actives